Issues in Palliative Care Nursing Research Proposal

Issues in Palliative Care Nursing - Research Proposal Example However, majority of the nurses have insufficient training in communication skills, and, thus, conveying bad news has been a great issue in palliative care nursing. Research has indicated that poor communication skills may make the nurse frustrated or cause burnout. At other times, the nurses may be faced with an ethical dilemma such as euthanasia, and fail to come up with a proper decision. This is because most of them know nothing about moral sensitivity. A nurse who lacks moral sensitivity cannot use moral components or elements such as honesty and fidelity to make a proper ethical decision about a particular situation. Just like poor communication skills, inability to deal with an ethical dilemma can cause burnout and/or make the nurse frustrated. Thus, both ethical dilemmas and communication skills are key issues that can affect the quality of palliative care offered by the nurse. How the Problem Was Identified Palliative care is given to patients who are in the process of dying . These patients usually suffer from terminal diseases (diseases that have no cure or treatment). Dealing with these patients and their families is a big problem for the nurses especially if they have poor communication skills and cannot solve an ethical dilemma. ... Therefore, it becomes an issue if the nurse cannot offer holistic support to the patients. Research has indicated that communications skills and ethical dilemmas are issues in palliative care nursing. Brief Overview of Why It Is a Problem in Nursing As stated before, the quality of the patient and the nurse relationship has a direct effect on the quality of care provided. If the relationship is compromised by poor communication skills and inability to deal with ethical dilemmas, then, the quality of the care given will be low based on the severity of the compromise. Good communication skills and the ability to deal with ethical dilemmas are important because the opposite may adversely affect the holistic well-being of the patient and their families. Nurses are also affected in that they can get frustrated when they are unable to communicate well and deal with ethical dilemmas. Burnout can also occur if the nurse is unable to deal with these issues. Literature Review The purpose of pa lliative care is to enhance the quality of life and being supportive through the management and control of the patient’s symptoms to attain the best quality of life for the patients and their families. In such a case, death should not be hastened or postponed (Hughes, Bakos, O’Mara, and Kovner, 2005). The quality of the nurse and client relationship has a direct impact on the quality of care offered, and thus, important for effective nursing practice (McWilliam, Oudshoorn, and Ward-Griffin, 2007). Communication skills are significant in effective or successful delivery of palliative care. Much emphasis has been put on physician communication and this has brought a number of issues. Less emphasis has been put on communication as an important skill for the nurses. It is important to

Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Divorce - Essay Example It is only the interpretation of Islamic law on marriage and divorce from a religious perspective. But a neutral and unbiased sociological interpretation of the Islamic laws related to marriage and divorce will necessarily reveal that Islamic laws are devoted to highlight a balanced support to both the individuals and the society. On the other hand, English law depends on a secular view of man and his existence in human society. This secular view assumes that man is essentially a self-sufficient structural functional entity who can decide his own life choice. Therefore, English law regarding marriage and divorce necessarily solely emphasizes on the individuals’ freedom and choice. It considers that individuals are the sole decision-maker in important matters like marriage and divorce. Indeed, this philosophical disparity determines all basic difference as well as similarities between the two laws. An in-depth analysis of divorce in Islamic Law necessarily demands a substantive description of how this legal systems view marriage. In Islam, a marriage is endowed with two facets: divine facet and social facet. The religious aspect of marriage necessarily assumes that it is a divine duty of every Muslim to marry and lead a peaceful and sacred conjugal life. According to Muhammad, it is a part of a Muslim’s faith in the divine. Simultaneously, it is his or her social duty also. In this regard, Mian Muhibullah Kakakhel (2008) likes to view the Islamic concept of marriage and divorce as following: It is well settled that marriage amongst Muslims is not a sacrament, but in the nature of a civil contract. Such a contract undoubtedly has spiritual and moral overtones and undertones but legally, in essence, it remains a contract between the parties which can be the subject of dissolution for good cause. (paras. 1) In order to a life of sanctity and prevent the social anarchy caused by promiscuous sexuality, a man must marry a woman, if his situation is physi cally and economically affordable to lead a conjugal life. Therefore, the primary requisites of marriage in Islam are that a Muslim must be able to fulfill the demands of sexuality as well as the economic needs of his family. If any person can fulfill these demands, he can enter marriage which is essentially considered as a social contract in Islam. The requisite for women to enter the marital contract is much easier than men. Since the economic expense of conjugal life sole pivots on men, women are free of the economic obligations. Hence, these prerequisites of Islamic marriage, in fact, determine those of divorce in Islam. Divorce in Islam is considered as the most heinous legality which empowers a man to divorce his wife without showing any reasonable cause. It is because Islam demands the unquestionable loyalty of women to their husbands. In this regard, a man will not be accountable to the Sharia council or the Islamic Legal system which consists of the elders and the religious authority of the society, unless his wife brings a charge of sexual perversion against him. On the other hand, a Muslim woman seeks divorce, she must appeal to the Sharia Council with the charges that her husband is sexually impotent or missing for years (Kakakhel, 2008, paras.2-7). The rule of divorce for men is different from that of women. If a man seeks divorce, the term, ‘

The Affect Of Intellegence Of The Hair Colour Cultural Studies Essay

The Affect Of Intellegence Of The Hair Colour Cultural Studies Essay In past research, Kyle and Mahler (1996) examined whether a female applicants hair color and use of cosmetics might affect perceptions of her ability for a professional position. One hundred thirty six college students reviewed the identical professional resume of a female applicant for the position of a staff accountant. Attached to the resume was a photograph of the stimulus female applicant either wearing or not wearing cosmetics and depicted with brunette, red, or blonde hair color. The results demonstrated significant main effects of both hair color and cosmetic use. Specifically, the applicant was rated more capable and was assigned a higher salary both when depicted with brunette hair color and when depicted without cosmetics. There were no interactions between hair color and cosmetic use. In a study of stereotyping based on physical appearance, 3 different photographs of the same attractive female, as a blonde, as a brunette, and as a redhead, were used. These were rated with a standard set of photographs of other attractive females on a number of dimensions that included intelligence and temperament by different groups of 75 male and 75 female undergraduates. Male Ss attributed significantly lower intelligence to blondes than to brunettes. The hypothesis that the target female would be rated as more temperamental as a redhead than as a blonde or a brunette was supported by the results. The authors suggest that the findings have serious implications for the way in which men view women. Methods Participants This research was conducted at Hunter College and New York metropolitan area, the participants were chosen through convenience sampling. There were 253 participants and only 245 participants reported their gender, 100 males (40.8%) and 145 females (59.2%). The participants were 18+ years old (N = 253, M= 23.99, SD= 7.41).Researchers marked the participants hair color after the survey was returned and there were 22 blondes (8.7%), 209 brown/dark hair (82.9%), 7 redheads (2.8%) and 14 other hair color (5.6%). Participants race was reported too, 56 Caucasians (22.2%), 46 Hispanics (18.3%), 58 African Americans (23%), 67 Asians (26.6%) and 25 reported as other (9.9%). There were 32 homosexuals (12.7%), 211 heterosexuals (84.1%), 5bisexuals (2%) and 3 as others (1.2%). Materials This experiment used a novel stimulus material that was produced by the researchers through face research lab website. The stimulus faces of Caucasian male and female, and mixed race male and female were generated using PsychoMorph, facial averaging software. Through Taaz.com, a makeover software, the stimulus faces were given natural looking hair style and hair color. The hair style chosen for females was Kirsten Dunst wavy hairstyle and males had Mia Wasikowska short hair. Females were given golden blonde, ash brown and red hair color. Whereas, males were given golden blonde, darkest brown and red hair color. The novel stimulus material consisted of one Caucasian male face, mixed race female face, mixed race male face, and Caucasian female face presented to the participants with identical hair color for each face. The survey had same set of ratings from 1-7 (7 being the extremely attractive, friendly and intelligent) and every stimulus faces were rated on their level of attractiven ess, friendliness and intelligence. There were also questions about the participants age, gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation (Appendix A). Only Caucasian faces were analyzed for the purposes of this experiment to avoid the potential confound of using hair colors that appear unnatural for mixed race faces. We also did not analyze friendliness or attractiveness ratings as our focus for this experiment was only intelligence. A consent form was given to all the participants discussing the purpose of the experiment to peoples first impressionbut no revealing the hypothesis of the study. Procedure The experiment took place in November 2012. Researchers discussed the stimulus material on Sunday, before the day of the experiment, and decided to conduct the research on weekdays instead of weekend. The researchers with the instructor discussed on the average type of stimulus faces and hair colors to be used for this research. Stimulus faces were generated using PsychoMorph, all faces had symmetrical and gender-appropriate features in order to appear attractive. Hair and hair color was generated using Taaz.com Makeover software (www.taaz.com/makeover).Then also discussed how the participants would rate the stimulus faces on their attractiveness, friendliness and intelligence. The researchers disbursed through various locations i.e. Hunter College and work place surveying the students and coworkers. Participants were selected through convenience sample in each of the locations. All the participants filled out a consent form prior to rating the faces, stating that the purpose of the research was to investigate peoples first impressions. The researchers handed out the novel stimulus material to the participants and were asked to rate the stimulus faces from 1-7 on attractiveness, friendliness and intelligence. Each participant was surveyed only on one set of hair color and the same procedure followed for rest of the hair colors for each participant. Each participant was given only one survey and after the survey was handed back to the researcher, they noted each participants hair color as either blonde, brown/black, red and other. After the survey was collected, the researchers inputted their own data on SPSS and then all the data was merged into one to create a larger sample. For inferential statistics, report that we ran a one way between subjects ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests for intelligence of all Caucasian faces. Results A one way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to test the differences between Caucasians with blonde, red, or brown/dark hair on intelligence. Our results showed us the effect of hair color on intelligence in males F (2, 250) = .53, p = .15 and in females F (2, 250) = 5.51, p = .08. For males, a post-hoc Tukey test compared the three groups, revealing no significant difference in perceived intelligence between Caucasian males with blonde hair (M = 4.52, SD = 1.36), dark hair (M = 4.71, SD = 1.13), or red hair (M = 4.57, SD = 1.22). For females, a post-hoc Tukey test compared the three groups, revealing that brunette Caucasian females (M = 5.25, SD = 1.27) were rated as more intelligent than blondes (M = 4.61, SD = 1.53), p = 0.006 and redheads (M = 4.73, SD = 1.24), p = 0.03.There was no significant difference between intelligence ratings of blondes and red-heads (p = 8.4). Overall, Caucasian females with dark hair were perceived as more intelligent than females with blonde or red hair. Male perceived intelligence ratings were not significantly affected by hair color.

Organizational Learning Essay -- Business Management

Introduction The business environment today is no longer just corporate but global. Businesses both local and multinational are being forced (by globalization and changes in technologies) to broaden their learning agenda to address the full range of challenges to meet and exceed the expectations for a sustainable global village. Learning is garnering new or modifying existing knowledge, skills, behaviours or values and it is more of a process because it is contextual and builds upon and is shaped by what we already know. Learning as a process involves the change in organizational behaviour as a result of new knowledge or experience. Peter Sange (1994) described organizational learning as being focused on the practice of five principles which will not only create a desired future for the organization, but give it the edge it needs to survive it today’s fast growing and highly competitive work environment. These five principles are mentioned below: 1. Systems thinking: organizations should endeavor to view the business environment as a ‘whole system’ which has parts and focus on building relationships with these parts to promote concord with the system rather than working against it. This helps the organization create long-term solutions to challenges. 2. Team learning: organizations should encourage team leaning to enhance the feeling of synergy and productiveness. Team learning impacts positively on individuals as their knowledge bases are broadened and a certain bond is built which creates a more conducive work environment through mutual respect. This is geared towards achieving organizational objectives, collectively. 3. Shared vision: there is a need for every part of a system to understand the reason for its existence. O... ...anizational learning and knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Smith, M. K. (2003) 'Learning theory', the encyclopedia of informal education, [online] Available from www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm, accessed 6th April 2012 Atherton J S (2011) Learning and Teaching; what is learning? [Online] available from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/whatlearn.htm, accessed 6th April 2012 Senge, P. et al. (1994) The Fifth Discipline Field book: strategies and tools for building a learning organization [online] available from: http://www.solonline.org/organizational_overview, accessed 7th April 2012 Child, J. Organisation: Contemporary Principles and Practice (2005), Blackwell Publishing Website http://systems-thinkers.org/index.php/resources/resource/reviews/the_fifth_discipline_fieldbook_strategies_and_tools_for_building_a_learning .

Caribbean Economy and Slavery Essay

What were the economical, social and political consequences which resulted from the changeover of tobacco to sugarcane in the 17th Century?’ Objectives †¢What is the sugar revolution? †¢What were the reasons for the change from tobacco to sugarcane (better termed a the sugar revolution) in the 17th century †¢Assess the social political and economical consequences which resulted from the change of tobacco to sugarcane in the 17th century Rationale The need for economic stability as well as potential growth in the French and eastern Caribbean islands led to what was best termed as the Sugar Revolution. The ‘Sugar Revolution’ was referred to as such due to the changes and consequences which were far reaching and rapid. This sugar revolution was the change from tobacco to sugar cane in the mid to late 17th century in the French and English Caribbean islands where monoculture was a rule. This revolution did not only just change sugar instead of tobacco to the chief crop; the population changed from white to black; the size of landholdings changed; and eventually the West Indies became ‘the cockpit of Europe’, thus these changes were just as equally revolutionary. The list of changes the sugar revolution brought was in surplus or inexhaustible for that matter. However, these inexhaustible changes can be best be fit under  three broad headings: political economical and social. This research question was chosen as it not only fascinated me that the eastern Caribbean’s French and English planters’ desire for greater profitability led to the sugar revolution and thus other changes that were equally revolutionary. This topic will allow the reader and anyone else who comes in contact with this SBA to better understand the reason for this change of chief crop and how the people of the Caribbean territories in†¦

Assignment Instructions Complete A Chart Showing Essay

Complete a chart showing how the First Amendment impacted a landmark Supreme Court Case. You will explain what the case was about and identify two current cases relating to this amendment. Amendment I – Freedoms, Petitions, Assembly Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Which landmark case will you use to as your primary example? Visit the Bill of Rights Institute Landmark Supreme Court Cases or do quick webs search to find a case. Note: use search terms like â€Å"landmark cases amendment 1† Brown v. Board of Education What is the landmark case about & how was this amendment upheld? Please respond in three to four complete   This was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, to the extent of how it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court’s unanimous decision declared that â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.† As a result by right, racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause to the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling forced the people of the United States to abolish segregation and integrate with each other no matter what race you are. This ended up being a major victory of the civil rights movement. List two current court cases relating to this amendment. Do a quick web search for current court cases. Note: These cases must be from the last five years. 1. state of Florida versus George Zimmerman (2012) George Zimmerman was tried for the murder   Black teenager Trayvon Martin out of self defense. The Court Ruled George Zimmerman not guilty because he had pictures of a broken nose and a few other items that acquitted him of his charges. The reason I chose this case to relate to the Fourteenth Amendment is because people thought he killed Trayvon because Trayvon was black. This would be bringing us back to segregation. 2. Christian Legal Society v. Martinez (2010) The court ruled that a student organization at a public university was not free to limit their members to those who shared their belief system if that resulted in discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.