Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Essay

A bond between a dad and a child is holy, and is without a doubt one of the most firm bonds that have ever existed. At the point when such a bond is cut off, a great deal of outrage can be incited, most likely as vengeance. All through â€Å"Hamlet† by Shakespeare, one can watch the topic of retribution exemplified by the fundamental saint, Hamlet, Laertes, and the youthful Fortinbras, plotting their vengeance against the killers of their dads. Hamlet is the first of the three to design his retribution. While in grieving of the ongoing, strange passing of his dad, the ruler, he is reached by a soul, which looks to some extent like his dad. At the point when the apparition reveals to Hamlet that the new ruler, Claudius, is liable for his father’s murder, Hamlet broadcasts that he will exist to retaliate for the passing of his dad. He will complete the ghost’s demand: â€Å"Thy decree isolated will live/Within the book and volume of my brain† (I.V.102-103). In spite of the fact that Hamlet has guaranteed retribution, his activities are postponed. Hamlet concludes that his retribution must hang tight for some time. He has understood that the phantom he has reached may basically have been a shrewd soul driving him to condemnation. Rather than totally accepting the apparition, he chooses to set up Claudius so as to get his soul: â€Å"The soul I have seen/Maybe a fiend/†¦Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds/More relative than this. The play’s the thing/Wherein I’ll get the still, small voice of the king† (II.II.594-601). Hamlet’s plot for acquiring strong proof for sentencing the ruler is to have a play. The premise of the play will be a straightforward reenactment of the homicide of Old Hamlet. Both Hamlet and his confided in counsel, Horatio, will watch Claudius for his response. This will give him adequate motivation to murder Claudius. Hamlet’s plan for the play shows his dread of being enticed by the fallen angel into condemnation. This shows his strict convictions once more. The principal case of his confidence are in Act I when he is hesitant to end it all inspired by a paranoid fear of the subsequent after life: â€Å"O this too contaminated tissue would soften/. . .Or on the other hand that the Everlasting had not fix’d/His ordinance ‘gainst self-slaughter† (I.II.129-132). These strict convictions of Hamlet will demonstrate to have a major influence in his retribution plot, and will slow down it. The following piece of Hamlet’s plot for vengeance includes his general disposition. He chooses to go about as though frantic so as to talk and act openly. Any strange conduct can be made look like his transitory craziness. Along these lines he can say and get things done to get certain responses or data from individuals so as to assist him with plotting his retribution. He asks in any case, that his colleagues don't utter a word about his insane state being bogus: â€Å"How weird or odd some’er I bear myself/As I perchance from this point forward will figure meet/To put a prank aura/That you, at such time seeing me, never will/Or by articulating of some suspicious phrase† (I.V.179-183). This permits him to encourage his retribution. Later in the play in Act 3, Hamlet has an unsavory experience with his previous love, Ophelia. During this warmed conversation Hamlet discovers that she currently has harsh sentiments toward him and gives him back his blessings. He snaps and releases all the developed outrage and feeling and harshness that he has been as of late inclination. In any case, he likewise says something that is expected for Claudius to hear. It is a danger that will play into his handle for retribution. Hamlet broadcasts that of â€Å"those that are hitched effectively everything except one-will live† (III.I.150). This unmistakable danger coordinated toward Claudius is to be sure caught and starts to stress Claudius as arranged. Claudius chooses to make a move to secure himself. He no longer accepts that Hamlet is frantic with adoration: â€Å"Love? His expressions of love don't so way tend/Nor what he spake, however it lack’d structure a bit/†¦There’s something in his spirit/O’er which his despairing sits on brood/And I do question the bring forth and the uncover/Will be some peril; which for ! to forestall/†¦he will with speed to England† (III.I.164-171). Claudius currently associates that Hamlet is dubious with him, which Hamlet accepts will make him plan something for demonstrate his blame, along these lines permitting Hamlet to do his retribution. Hamlet at that point makes his next stride in vengeance by having the play carried on. Hamlet and Horatio will both watch Claudius all through the play. Hamlet understands that there is no hellfire for him to go to, yet to simply transform into dust upon his demise. This is another progression in the movement of Hamlet’s vengeance. The last advance of inspiration in Hamlet’s vengeance comes during the fencing match among Hamlet and Laertes. The sovereign beverages from the king’s cup that has been harmed to slaughter Hamlet. She falls and broadcasts she has been harmed: â€Å"O my dear Hamlet/The beverage, the beverage! I am poison’d† (V.II.315-316). Laertes at that point reveals to Hamlet everything including how he has harmed Hamlet: â€Å"Hamlet, thou workmanship killed/No medication on the planet can do thee great; In thee there isn't a large portion of an hour’s life/The tricky instrument is in thy hand/Unbated and envenom’d/. . .Thy mother poison’d/I can no more. The King-the King’s to blame† (V.II.319-226). Hamlet has at long last been inspired enough to act. The ruler has harmed his mom and father, and attempted to slaughter Hamlet too. Hamlet at that point vindicates his father’s passing by injuring the lord with the harmed blade: â€Å"The point envenom’d as well! At that point, venom, to thy work/Wounds the King† (V.II.127). Hamlet has accomplished the vengeance that he has gotten ready for the whole play. In any case, he should now retaliate for his mother’s demise so he powers the lord to drink from the harmed cup: â€Å"Here, thou perverted, murd’rous, cursed Dane/Drink off this elixir. Is thy association here?/Follow my mother† (V.II.330-333). By harming the lord twice, Hamlet has rebuffed Claudius for both the homicides of his mom and his dad. Hamlet at last got his vengeance yet passed on all the while. The middle thoughts of the play are the retributions of Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras. All had acquired the vengeance that they had needed. All had retaliated for their father’s passings. Be that as it may, all did it in completely various ways. Hamlet required a significant stretch of time to finish the retribution, he is a man of thought about inaction. Laertes adopted an alternate strategy to vindicate and achieved it in a fairly short measure of time. Laertes is a man of uncontemplated activity. Fortinbras, not the same as the others, trusted that the correct second will act. He painstakingly arranged what he would do over a significant stretch of time and afterward held back to act. Fortinbras is a man of mulled over activity. Each of the three achieved their retributions Hamlet executed Claudius, his dads killer; Laertes slaughtered Hamlet, his dads killer; and Fortinbras didn't need to murder Hamlet the child of his father’s killer, yet he took over the th! rone. All individuals twisted on retribution in Hamlet, achieved it, making the play a vengeance play.

Technology in Information Mining

1.0 INTRODUCTION Ongoing advances in three regions †PC innovation, media communications innovation, and programming and data innovation †are changing lives in manners hardly envisioned under two decades prior. These cutting edge innovations are being consolidated, particularly through the Internet, to interface a great many individuals in each side of the word, bargains are struck, exchanges finished, and choices taken in a time period that would have appeared to be essentially incomprehensible a couple of years back. We will compose a custom paper test on Basic Study of LLM data innovation and media communications law or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Shopping has developed with development of innovation which has caused it feasible for individuals to close on line rather coming up and with this came the approach of electronic exchanges (E-Contacts). Electronic business (EC or online business) depicts the way toward purchasing, selling, moving, or trading items, administrations, or data through PC systems, including the Internet and a lawful edge work that would control the purchasing and selling of products a good ways off has been made. The point of the European Union enactment in the field of separation selling is to gotten customers who buy products or administrations through separation correspondence implies in a comparable situation to shoppers who purchase merchandise or administrations in shops in this manner making certainty and conviction in separation contracts. The Directive 1997/7/EC (Distance Selling Directive) was set up to address the developing pattern and gives various principal legitimate rights for shoppers so as to guarantee an elevated level of customer insurance all through the EU. The E-trade Directive 2000/31/EC was additionally embraced to give a legitimate system to the arrangement of Information Society Services inside the European Union. In the expressions of the European Consumer Affairs Commissioner Meglena Kuneva. â€Å"Consumers and retailers are starting to grasp internet business at national level yet inner market hindrances despite everything persevere on the web. The capability of the online inner market to convey more prominent decision and lower cost to purchasers and new markets for retailers is extensive. We have to try harder to handle the remaining borders.† This article is going to take a gander at security accessible to shoppers under existing guidelines, especially those concerning separation contracts as well as the arrangement of data society administrations, cures accessible to John under the current Legal system, the difficulties of cross fringe e †business in the EU and assess the proposition in the new structure. 2.0 THE DISTANCE SELLING DIRECTIVE 97/7/EC The Distance Selling Directive applies to any buyer separation contract made under the law of an EU-Member State just as the European Economic Area (EEA). The order guaranteeing the assurance of buyers inside the EU in regard of separation contractusing â€Å"means of separation communication† has given certain rights and commitments between a provider and shopper. Mandate 97/7/EC appropriate law buyer separation contracts inside EU Member State just as European Economic Area (EEA). The mandate targets guaranteeing a significant level of assurance for buyers inside the EU by giving certain rights and commitments between a provider and shopper while executing a good ways off utilizing â€Å"means of separation communication.† It gives the accompanying the rights: As indicated by the Directive the accompanying buyer rights among others should be regarded: Article 4 of the Directive gives the arrangement of far reaching data by the provider before the buy. Article 5 gives that the affirmation of the data by the provider in (Art 4) t0 be in a strong medium, for example, composed affirmation) The Consumer’s option to drop the agreement inside at least 7 working days without giving any explanation and without punishment, aside from the expense of restoring the products (right of withdrawal) is accommodated by Article 6. Article 6(2) gives the consumer’s right to a discount inside 30 days of undoing, if where the customer drops the agreement. Article 7 gives that the conveyance of the merchandise or execution of the administration by the provider will be wi inside 30 days of the day after the purchaser put in his request or where the products or administration requested isn't accessible educate the shopper regarding any option at a similar cost or a discount at the earliest opportunity or inside 30 days. Article 8 Provides Protection from deceitful utilization of installment cards by permitting a buyer to demand crossing out of an installment where false use has been made of his installment card regarding separation contracts secured by this Directive. Article 12 The quality of each separation contract rest upon the earlier data prerequisite as gave by Article 4 and must be agreed to. As per the mandate the accompanying earlier data will be outfitted by the provider to the customer in great time before the finish of any separation contractstating: â€Å"(a) the character of the provider and, on account of agreements requiring installment ahead of time, his location; (b) the fundamental attributes of the merchandise or administrations; (c) the cost of the merchandise or administrations including all assessments; (d) conveyance costs, where suitable; (e) the courses of action for installment, conveyance or execution; (f) the presence of a privilege of withdrawal, aside from in the cases alluded to in Article 6 (3); (g) the expense of utilizing the methods for separation correspondence, where it is determined other than at the essential rate; (h) the period for which the offer or the value stays substantial; (I) where fitting, the base length of the agreement on account of agreements for the gracefully of items or administrations to be performed for all time or recurrently.† As respects John case it tends to be said that necessity of Article 4( 1) (an) (e) and (f), as expressed above and that of ‘address’ ‘performance ‘ and a ‘right of withdrawal’ was not agreed to. What's more, the arrangements of Art 5(1) which gives that shopper must get composed affirmation or affirmation in another strong medium accessible and open to him of the data alluded to in Article 4 (1) (a) to (f), in great time during the exhibition of the agreement was not conformed to. It tends to be completely said that if the arrangements of (Art 5(1)) was met as required John would not be experiencing issues reaching the provider looking for change, on the grounds that the ‘prior information’ recorded as a hard copy or a strong medium would have benefited him of the ‘geographic address’ of the provider , time for execution of the agreement and his privilege of withdrawal. Additionally investigating Art 7( 1)(97/7/EC) which expresses that â€Å"unless the gatherings have concurred something else, the provider must execute the request inside a limit of 30 days from the day following that on which the purchaser sent his request to the provider; and furthermore Art 7(2)(97/7/EC) Where a provider neglects to play out his side of the agreement in light of the fact that the products or administrations requested are inaccessible, the shopper must be educated regarding this circumstance and must have the option to acquire a discount of any wholes he has paid as quickly as time permits and regardless inside 30 days; and finally Art7(3)(97/7/EC)which further expresses that cap the provider may furnish the buyer with merchandise or administrations of proportional quality and cost given that this chance was given to before the finish of the agreement or in the agreement. With respect to the products that were not conveyed It can be said that John was not of the a bove data expressed in Art 7(2) of the order or even a proportionate as gave in 7 (3) If the agreement is part performed and the issues of non conveyance of the a portion of the merchandise requested emerges, things that John bought which falls under the mandate would be required to be recorded. Games Console A tricycle Music CD’s An iPod Box of Chocolates 3.0 THEE†COMMERCE DIRECTIVE 2000/31/EC The E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC sets out standards and obligations to arrive at an exclusive expectation of buyer protection.[14] The mandate guarantees â€Å"the free development of â€Å"information society services† over the European Community and to energize more prominent utilization of web based business by separating hindrances across Europe and lift shopper certainty and trust by explaining the rights and commitments of organizations and consumers†[15] Cures accessible to John under the arrangements of this order will be taken into contemplations. Workmanship 2(a) of the mandate makes reference to the meaning of â€Å"information society services†: inside the importance of Article 1(2) of Directive 98/34/EC as corrected by Directive 98/48/EC; which gives characterizes a ‘ISS’ as ‘‘any administration regularly given to compensation, a good ways off, by methods for electronic gear for the handling (counting computerized pressure) and storageof information, and at the individual solicitation of a beneficiary of a service;’’(Art. 1(2)98/48/EC) Considering the words ‘any administration regularly given to compensation, a good ways off, by methods for electronic equipment’ the digital book precisely falls under it as John’s PC being the ‘equipment’ that would get the e †book and John been the beneficiary of the administration. Craftsmanship. 5 (1) of the E-Commerce mandate gives general data necessities that an ISS supplier must give to recipients’ of the administration effectively, straightforwardly and for all time preceding the finish of the agreement: An ISS â€Å"provider will render effectively, legitimately and for all time available to the beneficiaries of the administration and skillful specialists, data: (a) the name

Portfolio (J) Example

Portfolio (J) Example Portfolio (J) â€" Coursework Example > Part 1: In the main cities of UK, there are too many sites where open plots are lying vacant. These plots are filled with garbage of the households and shopping centre or with the debris of the demolished buildings (Burberry P 1997). These sites can be put to useful purposes and can be used for municipal and other civic uses if all the basic requirements of civil engineering are properly fulfilled. The lands in the cities are extremely costly and housing needs are extremely skyrocketing. There are very many fundamental requirements of the satisfaction of all the codes and procedures of the civil engineering based ground stabilizations of these sites. B) The ground stabilization is the major area of investigation for these works. Before we go for improving theses sites for any type of building shops, complexes, housing projects, this is a basic parameter to survey theses sites for their ground stabilizations etc. The structure of soils means to test and check the soils composing el ements like sand, silt and clay. The texture of ground and soil composes on the analysis of these soils for the relative percentage and composition of theses soil particle. The compactness of soil is the most important part of these surveys also. Subsoil water is critical. These areas are hard to open for their solutions for Substructure designs and basements: foundation solutions for multi-storey building, soil support, control of groundwater, and the methods of fabrication. C) when we come to the already existing buildings we find that there are Superstructures: structural frames and masonry structures, with their fundamental properties of structural materials, needing appraisal of the principles of structural design, and their connections applications to simple farms, and reinforcement materials and design, fire protection and performance, claddings, climatic factors, and the description, design and integration of environmental service system. These are of investigation fro the point of view of civil engineering and architecture needs to investigate that as to what is the age, strength and capacity of the concrete and steels structures of these superstructures. The masonry materials and works have again to be appraised and put in place on the basis of basic and archived drawings of these super structures. Fire protection aspects and climatic and environmental considerations have to be built in these super structures. D) After having done all the above three aspects we need to do the investigation about the Roofs of the: selection, design, construction and performance of roofing these roofs. This is utmost important because roof are that part of the building that lies over head and is either rusting and prone to falling down or gives a bad shape to the building. The selection of the design and materials used for the roof are often found inconsistent with the actual design of the building. More important is about the design, construction and weather perfo rmance of these roofs of the superstructures. These aspects have to be surveyed, tested and redone according to the requirements of modern civil engineering codes and procedures.

Franklin & Marshall College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Franklin Marshall College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 35%. Located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Franklin Marshall College describes itself as a liberal arts college with a graduate school mentality. Two-thirds of students engage in research under faculty guidance. Business administration is the most popular major at FM, but the schools strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. Franklin Marshall has a 9-to-1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 18. On the athletic front, the Franklin Marshall Diplomats compete in the NCAA Division III  Centennial Conference  for most sports. Considering applying to Franklin Marshall? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Franklin Marshall had an acceptance rate of 35%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 35 students were admitted, making Franklin Marshalls admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 6,557 Percent Admitted 35% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 26% SAT Scores and Requirements Franklin Marshall has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Franklin Marshall may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 53% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 620 690 Math 640 750 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of  Franklin Marshalls admitted students fall within the  top 20% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Franklin Marshall scored between 620 and 690, while 25% scored below 620 and 25% scored above 690. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 640 and 750, while 25% scored below 640 and 25% scored above 750. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1440 or higher is competitive for Franklin Marshall. Requirements Franklin Marshall College does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that Franklin Marshall participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Franklin Marshall does not require the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements Franklin Marshall College has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 27% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 28 32 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Franklin Marshalls admitted students fall within the  top 12% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Franklin Marshall received a composite ACT score between 28 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 28. Requirements Note that Franklin Marshall does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, Franklin Marshall participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. Franklin Marshall does not require the ACT writing section. GPA Franklin Marshall College does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Franklin Marshall College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Franklin Marshall College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Franklin Marshall College, which accepts just over one-third of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool. However, Franklin Marshall also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. While not required, Franklin Marshall strongly encourages all applicants to visit campus, and the school offers optional nterviews  for interested applicants. You can further strengthen your application by submitting supplemental materials such as additional letters of recommendation, a resume, recordings of musical performances, or samples of writing or artwork. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Franklin Marshalls average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students accepted to Franklin Marshall. You can see that the majority of admitted students had high school averages of A- or better, combined SAT scores of 1200 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 26 or better. Realize, however, that Franklin Marshall has test-optional admissions, so your grades are going to be more important than your test scores. If You Like Franklin Marshall College, You May Also Like These Schools Hamilton CollegeColgate UniversitySkidmore CollegeBrandeis UniversityWesleyan UniversityAmherst CollegeGettysburg CollegeLehigh UniversityHobart William Smith College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Franklin Marshall College Undergraduate Admissions Office. Franklin & Marshall College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores Franklin Marshall College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 35%. Located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Franklin Marshall College describes itself as a liberal arts college with a graduate school mentality. Two-thirds of students engage in research under faculty guidance. Business administration is the most popular major at FM, but the schools strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. Franklin Marshall has a 9-to-1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 18. On the athletic front, the Franklin Marshall Diplomats compete in the NCAA Division III  Centennial Conference  for most sports. Considering applying to Franklin Marshall? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Franklin Marshall had an acceptance rate of 35%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 35 students were admitted, making Franklin Marshalls admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 6,557 Percent Admitted 35% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 26% SAT Scores and Requirements Franklin Marshall has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Franklin Marshall may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 53% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 620 690 Math 640 750 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of  Franklin Marshalls admitted students fall within the  top 20% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Franklin Marshall scored between 620 and 690, while 25% scored below 620 and 25% scored above 690. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 640 and 750, while 25% scored below 640 and 25% scored above 750. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1440 or higher is competitive for Franklin Marshall. Requirements Franklin Marshall College does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that Franklin Marshall participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Franklin Marshall does not require the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements Franklin Marshall College has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 27% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 28 32 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Franklin Marshalls admitted students fall within the  top 12% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Franklin Marshall received a composite ACT score between 28 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 28. Requirements Note that Franklin Marshall does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, Franklin Marshall participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. Franklin Marshall does not require the ACT writing section. GPA Franklin Marshall College does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Franklin Marshall College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Franklin Marshall College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Franklin Marshall College, which accepts just over one-third of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool. However, Franklin Marshall also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. While not required, Franklin Marshall strongly encourages all applicants to visit campus, and the school offers optional nterviews  for interested applicants. You can further strengthen your application by submitting supplemental materials such as additional letters of recommendation, a resume, recordings of musical performances, or samples of writing or artwork. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Franklin Marshalls average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students accepted to Franklin Marshall. You can see that the majority of admitted students had high school averages of A- or better, combined SAT scores of 1200 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 26 or better. Realize, however, that Franklin Marshall has test-optional admissions, so your grades are going to be more important than your test scores. If You Like Franklin Marshall College, You May Also Like These Schools Hamilton CollegeColgate UniversitySkidmore CollegeBrandeis UniversityWesleyan UniversityAmherst CollegeGettysburg CollegeLehigh UniversityHobart William Smith College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Franklin Marshall College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Ivilizations of the Americas Mayan, Aztec, and Incan...

â€Å"The engineers showed great cleverness and skill in supplying water for the crops, since only scattered sections of the land could grow corn. For this reason, they endeavored to increase its fertility as much as possible.† This was a quote from Garciasco de la Vega, a son of a Spanish explorer and an Incan princess, which described a method of farming in the Incan empire in 1539. The three most advanced civilizations were the Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Incas. All three civilizations made major accomplishments, all being added upon and used by other civilizations. For example, the Mayans had created a calendar with three hundred sixty-five and a quarter days. The Incas had created terrace farming to create better and a larger amount of†¦show more content†¦Terrace farming was needed to provide flat land to plant on and expose the fertile soil in the mountain (O.I). Along with producing more farmland, the Incas used fertilizer to produce more crops (O.I). The Azte cs, Mayans, and Incas had made multiple major accomplishments that have impacted our world today. For example, the Mayans had created a calendar containing three-hundred sixty-five and a quarter days and became one of the most accurate calendars of the known world. The Incas had accomplished creating irrigation systems that are being studied and used today. Another prime example is how the Aztecs had the largest city of the known world, which was home to over 150,000 people with a variety of highly organized markets. How was it that these three civilizations came to contribute so many accomplishments without any influence from other civilizations such as the European, Roman, and

What is Economic Uncertainty and Volatility Free Essays

Uncertainty and volatility are common attributes of today’s national economies. While Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) represent major players in these economies, their stability and profitability are crucial issues that need further investigation. This statement is particularly significant in the Saudi Arabian context, because such enterprises have relatively recently begun to emerge and are beginning to play a dominant role in the country’s economy. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Economic Uncertainty and Volatility? or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, the SME sector in Saudi Arabia is currently facing many barriers related to their relatively new economic situation (Kuada, 2006), as the atmosphere of the economic world is constantly changing and tends to be somewhat uncertain. As a result, companies, including SMEs, need to be more creative and flexible as they seek to get maximum profits in the minimum amount of time. Moreover, it has been noted that human resources play a vital role for every company to achieve its goals (Barney Wright, 1998), hence most companies seek to recruit high aptitude managers who can be a valuable addition to a workplace and can lead a company to achieve sustained success. In this respect, employee retention is considered one of the most serious challenges facing the stability of small organizations, since employee turnover can be harmful and expensive. When an employee intends to leave the company voluntarily, the issue is of such importance that numerous researchers have investigated the causes and effects of voluntary turnover (Al-A’Raj, 1989). Whilst the cost of losing skilled employees can be harmful for any organization (Ballinger, Craig, Cross, ; Gray, 2011), it is particularly so in SMEs as the effect is proportionally greater. According to O’Connell and Mei-Chuan (2007), the average cost of employee turnover is approximately $13,996 per employee. Further, Ballinger, Craig, Cross and Gray (2011) estimate that the direct cost of hiring and training a new employee can range from 25% to 500% of the employee’s annual salary, and, as such, Boushey and Glynn (2012) found that the replacement of highly educated executive employees averages 213% of the annual salary bill for a company. It has been noted that because this significant turnover is such a costly process (Al-A’Raj, 1989), it could lead to serious negative consequences for an organization. Indeed, in some situations, the consequences of significant turnover rates could expand beyond the organization to influence the labour market, the economic cycle and communities in general. Furthermore, Hyson (2016) and George (2015) argue that an organization can both conserve knowledge and manage resources more cost-effectively through being proactive in attempting to retain valuable employees. As a result of such deliberate actions to maintain staff, organizations are likely to increase their overall performance and develop long-term stability. In this respect, it has been suggested that manager behaviour plays a vital role in staff turnover. For example, Snyder and Lopez (2009) have specifically asserted that the encouragement of skilled employees by managers is vital in this regard. Of particular interest to the current study is that, in the SME sector, because enterprises are fiscally smaller their resources are generally scarcer. In the light of this scarcity, employee turnover is a more harmful occurrence than in large organizations which are able to absorb the consequential additional financial outlay described above. For this reason, the SME sector constitutes an important area for further research. Moreover, researchers analysing the behaviour of managers in SMEs report that the manager’s emotional intelligence is of great importance, as it significantly affects the management processes and outcomes within their enterprises. It is telling that the debate over topics related to EI and employee’s behaviour is ongoing in different cultures and parts of the world (Ang et al., 2007) , and it is asserted here that the role of EI in reducing turnover is one particular area that requires further investigation. Therefore, it is postulated that the analysis of the role of EI in the SME context should be carefully investigated in order to understand the way it affects employee’s retention outcomes in Saudi Arabia. It has also emerged that there is an extensive amount of controversy surrounding whether there are any differences in the levels and perceptions of EI in managers from different backgrounds and cultures, and, in addition, to what extent EI can be affected by these factors. limited research has been conducted on the relationship and/or link between EI and employee turnover in SMEs, specifically in the Middle Eastern context. Thus, this research aims to fill an important void in the literature. How to cite What is Economic Uncertainty and Volatility?, Papers

Romanticism Essay Example Romanticism in Literature

Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism in Literature Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism are some of the most eminent movements on literary and artistic fronts that have greatly helped in broadening the scope of topics covered by each of the aforementioned realms. Romanticism refers to the individualistic and idealized view of things; it does not always conform to societal demands and rules, and primarily focuses on the individual himself. The movement of romanticism underscores an individual’s emotions and personal experience, implying that all human beings are intrinsically good but are tarnished by one’s circumstances and social factors. Some of the renowned romanticists include Lord Byron, William Blake, John Keats and Walt Whitman. Following the Romantic era, the 19th century saw an emergence in a movement called Realism, which was characterized by realistic and factual depiction of events. It negated the idealistic ideology of the romanticists and instead, focused on baring all the facts down. They portrayed the world as it was, instead of labeling the world as either black or white; they focused on the many gray areas of society and life, in general. Realism promoted a realistic depiction that involved putting the audience face to face with the subject. They did not support sugar-coating or sensationalizing, and thus gave emphasized on the morality of incorporating reality in the literature to keep the audiences well-informed. (Scheidenhelm, 2007) In literature, realism underlined the psychological component of the plot and although, the events were slow-moving but it gradually unfurled the various aspects of the characters and every single part of the plot contained a deep meaning. Realism was devoid of any prejudices and focused on interpreting and portraying the various realities of life. Contemporary literature is greatly influenced by this movement and authors have tried to depict real life situations in their works time after time. Some of the eminent proponents of this movement include Henry James, Mark Twain, George Eliot and Guy de Maupassant and many others, who have made substantial contributions to the movement. Following realism, another artistic movement quickly emerged which came to be known as naturalism. Naturalism was a relatively modern way of thinking that involved including scientific research and theories in literary and artistic work to juxtapose human realm with that of science. The ideology was heavily influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, which thereby reiterated the core belief of the movement that underscored the superiority of human beings over their surroundings. The main conflict portrayed in naturalist literature and art involves a man’s struggle either with nature or himself (Scheidenhelm, 2007). They do not take emotions into account when it comes to the actual decision making process and is based on rigid logic only. Naturalist theories are considered to be very deterministic and base their ideology on the fact that a man is defined by his hereditary; they believe that in the end, it is an individual’s genes that determine his or her competency in the long-run. Naturalist literature is vastly pessimistic and isolates the human race, objectifying them. Naturalists earned great criticism over the years, vastly because of the fact that the concept was full of criticism and contradiction, and at some points it clashed with the religious beliefs of certain factions. Yet, there are many naturalist authors in the classic and contemporary literary sphere and some of them are Jack London, Frank Norris, Emile Zola and Stephane Mallarme. Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism were a set of ideology that was conceived a long time ago, but their elements have now transcended in to the contemporary literature. All three of these concepts have known to influence writers in all era; the movements now co-exist in the contemporary sphere but have been given clear demarcations to help audiences distinguish between them. Work Cited Scheidenhelm, Carol. American Literary History: Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism. Chicago: Loyola University. 2007. Web. http://www.luc.edu/faculty/cschei1/teach/rrn.html\ We Want to Do Your Assignment Too We’ve extended our help to all those students you just read positive reviews from. Why don’t you be one of them? It’s only a win-win situation for you and us. Remember, you win, we win! So reach us on Live Chat, give us a call or simple press the order placement button. Tell us, â€Å"I want to pay to do my assignment.† We will instantly guide you with everything. Place order here.

Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement

Human Resource Mangement By: Doug Sheppard Describe and critically evaluate the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges currently facing this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature. Introduction People are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be highly productive and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, training and development, the organisation's investment in an average full-time employee can exceed  £100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right employee and retain their services, gaining efficiency throughout. Before answering the first part of the question â€Å"Describe and critically evaluate the key facto rs that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar†, the differences between HRM and the older style ‘Personnel Management’ requires defining. Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the management structure that relates to people at work. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more restrictive 'Personnel Management', and denotes a more proactive and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems. leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The author’s own perspective of this assignment is delivered fr... Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement Human Resource Mangement By: Doug Sheppard Describe and critically evaluate the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges currently facing this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature. Introduction People are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be highly productive and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, training and development, the organisation's investment in an average full-time employee can exceed  £100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right employee and retain their services, gaining efficiency throughout. Before answering the first part of the question â€Å"Describe and critically evaluate the key facto rs that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar†, the differences between HRM and the older style ‘Personnel Management’ requires defining. Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the management structure that relates to people at work. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more restrictive 'Personnel Management', and denotes a more proactive and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems. leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The author’s own perspective of this assignment is delivered fr...

ACT Math Tutor

What Makes for An Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’d think that finding a good SAT/ACT Math tutor should be simple – just get someone who is really good at math to tutor you. Unfortunately, just because someone is good at math doesn’t make her the most effective tutor, particularly when it comes to the SAT or ACT. For instance, while I'm better at SAT/ACT Reading (compared to SAT/ACT Math), I'm actually a better math tutor, because I don’t always â€Å"get it" right away – I have to try out different ways to teach myself the material before I grasp it fully. Read on for more specifics on what makes the most effective SAT/ACT Math tutor. And if you want specific advice on SAT/ACT Reading tutoring as well, don't worry– we have an article about what to look for in an SAT/ACT Reading tutor here. feature image credit: Math, Math, Math, math, mathh....maaah..... by Aaron Escobar, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Are High Scorers Effective SAT/ACT math tutors must have scored in the 99th percentile on the test. At PrepScholar, we take it one step further: not only do we exclusively hire 99th percentile scorers, but many of these tutors were perfect scorers on the sections that they tutor. Why is this important? Because in order to be able to customize teaching, a tutor must have mastered the material. This doesn’t just mean knowing the content (probability, plane geometry, etc.). Tutors need to understand HOW the SAT/ACT questions you on math. The medium to hard questions in particular are not things you would have learned in school – it’s as much about interpreting the questions as it is solving the problems. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Can Pinpoint Your Weaknesses The best math tutor needs to understand WHERE students are making mistakes in the questions. When all is said and done, a particularly challenging math question can test half a dozen or more skills. Take this sample problem: There are many complicated steps you have to take to solve this problem. Understand the problem: what’s this weird question even asking for? What information does the problem give you to solve the question? How do you use this information to solve the question? How does the angle of a polygon relate to the number of sides? How many degrees are in a quadrilateral? What does this mean about the degree measure of the other two sides? What does this mean about how many sides the polygon has? A student who misses the question could be tripped up by any one of these steps. How should a tutor address this? A mediocre tutor will just make sure the student understands how to get the answer to this particular question and move on. Why is this bad? It’s inefficient – it’s highly unlikely this particular question will show up on the SAT/ACT, and so the assistance given is not generalizable. Furthermore, it doesn't identify the student's actual weaknesses - it just patches over serious problems with a quick fix. The best tutor will pinpoint exactly where the student is having issues, then work on weaknesses until there are no longer any issues.A student who doesn't understand the formula for polygon angles needs very different help from a student who makes mistakes in the algebraic portion of this question. If the tutor doesn't identify these weaknesses and address them, the student will find it very hard to improve her score. be my valentine (cc) by Martin Fisch, used under CC BY-SA 2.0. Disclaimer: We at PrepScholar do not guarantee that the best tutors will be immortalized in statue form. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Will Customize Test Strategies To You The best tutors will understand optimal strategies and be able to teach them to students, customizing the strategies to a student's particular level. Read on for an example of two different strategy suggestions: one suggestion is for someone aiming for a 600 on the SAT or 27 on the ACT and the other is for someone aiming for a perfect score on the SAT/ACT). Students who are aiming for a 600 or a 27 or a can skip hardest 25% of questions and instead focus on easier ones. For more strategies like these, read our articles on how to improve low SAT Math Scores or low ACT Math scores. If you're aiming for the perfect score, on the other hand, you might need to take note of time management. Take a timed practice test, and if you run out of time, mark the questions you answer with extra time. Compare your scaled score with extra time with your realistic score (the score that only includes questions answered during the normal time period). If your score differs by more than 50 points (on the SAT) or 1 point (on the ACT), you have serious time management issues. Are you generally slow at math questions, or were there particular questions that slowed you down? For more time management tips and other strategies, read our articles on scoring an 800 in SAT Math or 36 in ACT Math. Actions To Take The best way to get a sense of any tutor’s teaching style is to get her to demonstrate how she’d explain the process of answering a difficult question. PROTIP: Pick out a question ahead of time that you previously missed and have had trouble with from a real SAT and use it every time, so you can compare the explanations of multiple tutors. I’ve also compiled a list of sample questions parents and students might want to ask potential tutors. Click to download the PDF, or click on the image below. Use the answers to these questions to assess how a tutor teaches and whether or not her particular teaching style and method will be effective for you. What’s Next? Curious about tutoring for the SAT/ACT Reading sections? If you haven’t already, read our guide to the most effective SAT/ACT Reading tutoring, as well as our article on the key qualities of an effective SAT/ACT tutor. What do tutors actually do during SAT/ACT Tutoring? Demystify the mystery with our explanation of what SAT/ACT tutoring involves here. Want to get serious about improving your SAT/ACT score? Our tutoring service is designed to be the most effective in the nation. We hire the best tutors from across the country. This is then paired with our exclusiveonline drillingprogramthat gives your tutor complete insight into your progress to design the most effective sessions. Think about what improving 160 points on your SAT, or 4 points on your ACT, can do for you. Learn more about tutoring now:

Thought Control in the US - The Media and the Peace Process Essay

Thought Control in the US - The Media and the Peace Process - Essay Example Chomsky suggests that in America, you can say anything as long as it doesn't contradict the decisions that have already been made by the state and be obedient. As the broader meaning of thought control emphasizes the value of the human benefit under democratic setup, it is unfortunate to find political vested interests of an elite group of the state is protected by manipulating political thought control and behavioral conceptions. The author who has also written a famous book â€Å" Necessary illusions† argues that the U.S.A has followed this style of thought control since long ago and is presently reflected in its state policy towards Arab-Israeli conflict. He points to the contradiction inherent in the fact that, in survey after survey, the American public supports the concept of a Palestinian state. What makes it more interesting is that U.S.A which prefers military confrontation in Israel applies the â€Å"principle of historical engineering† which has also roots in Wilson’s administration in 1920’s and is nothing but historical containment of enemy through pervasive media propaganda and through imposing vested interests. He also comes up with another theory called â€Å"Memory hole† which means that historical records are altered in defense of state policy and strongly argues that it is responsible for unilateral thought control process. Overall, he expresses anger over the manipulation of the control of thought by the U.S.A and the responsible journalists which in the true sense affects the peace process.... rical engineering" which has also roots in Wilson's administration in 1920's and is nothing but historical containment of enemy through pervasive media propaganda and through imposing vested interests. For the defense of state's policy through thought control process U.S.A relies on "Newspeak", "Media propaganda", Memory hole" and "Responsive journalism", the author discuses in a beautiful style. He draws from the political novel, 1984, by George Orwell to explain the chameleon character of words used by the government and subsequently by the press to direct the thought of control in defense of state policy. The word "peace process" is the best example of exploiting the newspeak in the context of Arab-Israel conflict. The meaning of this word varies from country to country, but the media propaganda directs the thought control in the interests of U.S.A. The author expresses shock over the response of media showing the example of Bernard Gwertzman's article in New York Times dated 2 June 1985 criticizing the Palestinian peace stand and favoring the stand of U.S.A. This has violated the original meaning of peace process and supports the emergence of newspeak. He also strengthens his theory of thought control by quoting the "responsible journalism" and strongly condemns the Gwertzman's false statement published in the New York Times stating that P.L.O has not supported the peace stand. He also comes up with another theory called "Memory hole" which means that historical records are altered in defense of state policy and strongly argues that it is responsible for unilateral thought control process. Even though there were strong Arab peace proposals as mentioned in Thomas Friedman's "Two decades of seeking peace in the Middle East" dated 17 March 1985, unfortunately

Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast) - Country with High Mortality Assignment

Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast) - Country with High Mortality - Assignment Example Cote d’Ivoire is one of the countries with high mortality rates in the world because of factors, such as malaria, diarrheal diseases, high illiteracy rates and poor health care system among others. As such, the country has a poor health statistics that needs to be addressed to achieve the needs and requirements of a healthy population. The paper aims at discussing why the Republic of CÃ ´te d’Ivoire is rated, according to 2010 statistical estimates, among the countries with the high mortality. This will be through an in-depth analysis of causal factors, affected populations, most impacted ages and group categories as well as socio-economic, political and environmental factors. Provision of requisite countermeasures will be proposed, with the paper drawing a conclusive analysis of the physical and mental health and well-being of the nation. According to UNICEF (2013), the per capita status of the nation is ranked at ‘lower middle’ with a majority percentage of the population being urban dwellers. Statistically, the population portion of the young is placed at an approximate 65% with those aged between the ages of 30 and 70 years comprising an approximated 30%. As of 2007, the percentage population growth rate was at 2.4% with life expectancy rates being placed at 48 years. In terms of national total fertility rates (per woman), it is approximated at (4.5 children per woman), which is relatively low as compared to its neighboring states. The nation’s HIV prevalence rate is placed at 3.9 %, which is relatively better than the average rate of the African continent (UNICEF, 2013). In terms of infant (

Fracture Resistance of Esthetic Post and Core Systems

Fracture Resistance of Esthetic Post and Core Systems Comparison of fracture resistance of three recent esthetic post and core systems with cast metal post and core to compressive loading An in vitro Study ABSTRACT: Aim: To determine and compare the fracture resistance of three recently introduced esthetic post and core systems with a cast metal post and core to compressive loading using a clinically related test method. Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary central incisors were selected, sectioned and their roots endodontically treated and assigned to 4 experimental groups (n=10).The cast metal post and core (CMPC) served as control group.The other groups are zirconium dioxide post and ceramic core group (ZCER), zirconium dioxide posts and composite core group (ZCOM) and glass fiber post and composite core group (GFCOM).The post spaces were prepared, posts were seated and cores were formed. A compressive load was applied to the inclined surface on each specimen until failure occurred and measured in newtons. Results: CMPC and ZCER groups exhibited the highest resistance fracture and the values are : 680.6 N and 630.03 N respectively . ZCOM group exhibited fracture resistance greater than GFCOM but less than ZCER and CMPC. Conclusion: CMPC group and ZCER group were found to be more fracture resistant than the ZCOM group and GFCOM group. Aside from its desirable esthetic properties,the ZCER group demonstrated high resistance to fracture. Keywords: compressive loading, endodontic treatment, fracture resistance, post and core INTRODUCTION Endodontic therapy has provided dentistry the ability to retain teeth that just a few decades ago would have been extracted without hesitation.When there is substantial loss of coronal tooth structure due to caries, trauma or both, a post and core is often required to retain a definitive restoration. A post is usually placed in an attempt to strengthen the tooth.1,2,3 However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that a post cannot reinforce endodontically treated teeth.4,5,6 Posts are required for supporting a core foundation when there is insufficient clinical crown remaining.4,5,6,7 Although cast post and core foundations are the gold standard for endodontically treated teeth, due to their superior physical properties and proven clinical effectiveness8 yet its mechanical properties may increase the risk of root fracture9. The esthetic properties of these materials are limited since the gray colored post is apparent when used to support translucent all ceramic restorations. Coupled with a high lip line, cast metal post and core foundation may create esthetic problems. In the recent times, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of all ceramic crowns, particularly for anterior teeth because of their superior natural appearance compared to metal ceramic restorations.10 Both the declining acceptance of cast post and core restorations as well as patients interest in dental esthetics has resulted in the development of esthetic posts, especially Glass Fiber and Zirconia Ceramics.These increase the transmission of light within the root and overlying gingival tissues, enhancing the esthetics. They also eliminate the potential hazards of corrosion and allergic hypersensitivity as they are metal free materials.11 Glass fibers such as silica or quartz reinforced epoxy resin posts have low modulus of elasticity similar to that of dentin.12 This property has been reported to reduce the risk of root fracture. 13,14 Glass fiber reinforced posts also have the advantage of easy removal if endodontic re-treatment is required. 15,16 A prefabricated zirconia ceramic post system has been introduced to satisfy esthetic needs presented by endodontically treated anterior teeth. The translucency of all ceramic crowns can be successfully maintained with the use of ceramic post and core materials. Moreover improvements in adhesive porcelain bonding systems have accelerated the trend toward the use of ceramic core materials. Many dentists prefer to use prefabricated post systems because they are more practical, less expensive and in some situations less invasive than customized post and core systems. They also save time and can provide satisfactory results. 17,18,19 The purpose of this in vitro study is to determine and compare fracture resistance of three esthetic post and core systems, Zirconia post and Ceramic core, Zirconia post and Composite core and Glass Fiber post and Composite core with cast posts under compressive loading. METHODOLOGY Forty extracted human permanent central incisors were selected based on similar dimensions,caries free,no restorations and cracks.The teeth were soaked in 3% sodium hypochlorite (Vishal Dentocare PVT LTD), for 6 hours. These forty teeth were divided into 4 groups: Group 1: Cast Metal post and core (CMPC) Group 2: Zirconia posts and Ceramic core (ZCER) Group 3: Zirconia posts and Composite core (ZCOM) Group 4: Glass Fiber posts and Composite core (GFCOM) The coronal aspect of each tooth was resected perpendicular to the long axis and 1mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction, with a diamond coated disc (Horico) mounted in a straight handpiece (NSK, Japan). Labiolingual and mesiodistal measurements of the sectioned tooth surfaces were made with a digital vernier calipers (Aero space, China).The roots were endodontically instrumented to the apex using protaper rotary instruments (Dentsply,Maillefer) till F3 and obturated with protaper GP points (Dentsply,Maillefer) using ZOE sealer. Procedure for fabricating standardized cores: To obtain standardized cores, a wax pattern was fabricated from casting wax (Sk Dental waxes, Bombay) which had 6.5mm diameter base, 7.3 mm diameter cervico incisally and 6.2mm buccolingually. Impression of the wax pattern was taken with rubber base impression material (Exaflex). Then dies were made from the impression material. Polyvinyl material was vacuum pressed on these dies.In this way a hollow matrix was fabricated which had the same dimensions as that of the wax pattern. The base of the matrix was fitted flush to the sectioned tooth surfaces. Then 1 mm of the matrix was cut at the open end so that it acted as an inlet for the placement of composite resin. Procedure for preparation of forty samples: For all the groups the post spaces were enlarged with peeso reamers no 2 and 3 (MANI CE 0197 Prime Dental Products PVT LTD) initially to a depth of 9mm. The final enlargements were accomplished with the 1.4 mm diameter drills that were specifically given with 1.4mm zirconia posts (Cosmoposts,Ivoclar Vivadent) and 1.4mm GF posts (Bioloren,Ammdent). All the posts have 1.4mm diameter and were sectioned to a standard length of 13mm using carbide fissure bur and high speed airotor handpiece The length of the posts was 4 mm from the finish line into the core.In groups 2, 3 and 4 all the post spaces were etched using 37% orthorphosphoric acid (3M ESPE), for 30 sec and bonding was done using a bonding agent (3M ESPE) polymerized for 20 sec. Cementation was done using dual curing resin luting agent ( Kerr,Orange,CA). Group 1: A direct technique was used. The post pattern was fabricated using inlay wax. For the core part ,the polyvinyl matrix was placed on the tooth, resin wax (Leva) was injected in to the matrix and polymerized. After polymerization, the matrix was removed from the molded core. Then the entire pattern was retrieved from the root, invested and cast. The cast post and core systems were then cemented into the roots using GIC. Group 2: Posts were seated into the prepared post space.Polyvinyl matrix was placed on the tooth surface, resin wax was then injected in to the matrix and polymerized for 20 sec to form the core. Matrix was then removed and retrieved post and core foundations from the roots were invested with a phosphate bonded investment (Deguvest). Wax was eliminated from the invested units in a pre heated furnace (Unident) (800ËÅ ¡C for 45 minutes). Cores around zirconia posts were prepared using ceramic ingots (e-max, Ivoclar vivadent) heat-pressing process (975ËÅ ¡C for 45 min.) in a heat pressing furnace (Ivoclar vivadent). The formed ZCER foundations were then cemented into the post spaces. Group 3: After etching and bonding,posts were cemented in to the prepared post spaces. The matrix was seated on the sectioned tooth surface and composite core material (Z350, 3M ESPE) was placed in 2mm increments and polymerized for 20 sec. After polymerization, the matrix was removed from the molded cores. Group 4: Following etching and bonding posts were cemented into the prepared post spaces. The matrix was placed on the sectioned tooth surface and composite was placed in 2mm increments and was then polymerized for 20 sec. After polymerization, the matrix was removed from the molded cores. LOADING PROCEDURE: Following thermal cycling (5000 cycles between 5ËÅ ¡C and 55ËÅ ¡ C with a dwell time of 30 second) a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Japan) was used to apply a constant compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min, at a 130Â º angle to the long axes of the test specimens, until failure ocurred. The tip of the loading bar was positioned to contact the centre of the palatoincisal surface at an angle of 90Â ºC. The force at failure was measured in newtons. RESULTS One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Post HocTukey test was used to compare the score between the groups. A 95% confidence level was used for the ANOVA test. Results showed that there was significant difference in the fracture resistance values obtained with different groups (p

Napoleon Bonaparte †Hero or Villain? Essay

Some men are born heroes while others earn the title after their death. Either way, a hero’s life and his achievements are cemented in the history of the world and become timeless. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) is known today as one of the most intelligent and skilled leaders to have ever lived. He is also known as a controversial figure, his reputation however is disputable as many criticize him for being brutal, selfish and delusional. A deeper study of his life and motives dictating it explains whether this accusation of his villainy is true or false. Military Successes His first actual military feat was in the Siege of Toulon, when he was the captain of the artillery, driving away the British naval and land forces. It was Napoleon’s ingenious plan to place the republican guns strategically atop a hill, in a manner that they could protect the city’s harbor and they would push the British ships out of the city. Napoleon at the ripe age of 24 was known henceforth as Brigadier General and was consequently given the artillery arm of France’s Army of Italy to lead. These events proved his ambitious and speedy progress on the military front and set a parable for time to come. (Asprey, 2000). In October 1975, he was given command of the forces at the Tuileries Palace where Napoleon had recently seen the massacre of the King’s Swiss Guard. He employed large cannons and used them to repel his enemy. The idea worked like magic, the streets were cleared in what is commonly known ‘a whiff of grapeshot’ as phrased by Thomas Carlyle in The French Revolution: A History. Napoleon had once again used his experience and devised an intelligent solution to hit the nail on the head. (Louis, 1998, p. 40) Bonaparte was to take command of the Army of Italy so he devised a plan that was entirely unpredictable. The man’s greatness and vision is reflected in how he could be so delicately tactful and roughly aggressive at the same time. First he overtook the Austrian forces at the Battle of Lodi. Then he went on towards the Papal States. The Directory advised him to conduct a march on Rome but as a man of reason would, Napoleon felt that would weaken the state and refused. In March 1797, Napoleon led the army into Austria which being defeated already decided to negotiate for peace in the Treaty of Leoben. The clauses of this Treaty were such that France got hold of most of northern Italy and the Low Countries. Seizing the opportunity to claim as much of the land as he could, he seemingly awarded Venice to Austria after which he marched into it, ending its 1,100 years of independence with a triumphant invasion. When viewed objectively and for its sheer innovation and creativity, Napoleon’s strategy leaves most people astounded and is certainly admirable. Not only does it take a thorough understanding of conventional military leadership, it also requires a fresh and bright mind to achieve this. Napoleon thus dedicatedly created for himself a reputation, cooking up military plots that his opponent could not often predict or prevent. (Asprey, 2000) Napoleon was one of a kind when it came to military tactics such as concealment, espionage, envelopment and surveillance. His talent was obvious with the numerous battles he fought and won in a very short span of time. That and the rising popularity inspired him to prepare for invading England which had vast trading interests in India at that time (Louis, 1998). He had a developing interest in the Middle East, and had the foresight to realize that joining hands with a figure like Tipu Sultan would be Britain’s Achilles Heel. Napoleon told the Directory ‘as soon as he had conquered Egypt, he will establish relations with the Indian princes and, together with them, attack the English in their possessions. ’ (Asprey, 2000, p. 26) Bonaparte sketched out the Constitution of the Year VIII on becoming First Consul and was soon known as the most powerful person in the country. In 1804, he formalized this status by crowning himself Emperor. Following this in 1805 he was crowned King of Italy too. Even at this exhilarating point in his life, Bonaparte with his quick thinking decided to promote his top generals to ‘Marshals of the Empire’, ensuring their loyalty to him for times to come. He did not take his success for granted. (Louis, 1998, p. 11). One of the most frequently discussed events of that time was the Battle at Austerlitz where, on the first anniversary of his coronation, Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia together. Following this, Austria signed the Peace of Pressburg after which Napoleon was named the Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (Moore, 1999). Austria had to also give up its land and Napoleon termed Austerlitz as one of his finest battles (Louis, 1998). Critics argue that at such a prime time in his life, Napoleon lost touch with reality and as Frank McLynn expressed ‘what used to be French foreign policy’ became a ‘personal Napoleonic one’. ’ On the contrary, it seems few remember that the man had noble intentions. Vincent Cronin stated Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself, that â€Å"he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen†. (Moore, 1999, p. 2). One such example of Napoleon’s exceptional foresight and vast vision is that even after a failure to capture Egypt; he pursued his desire to secure a place in the Middle East. His insight that an alliance in that region would give the French the power to pressurize Russia from the South was brilliant. He worked hard to convince the Ottomans to join hands with him against Russia. He gave them incentives like they would regain lost territories and in 1806 Selim III called France a ‘sincere and natural ally’ ready to form an alliance. Following this feat, the Persian Empire of Fateh Ali Shah also formed the Franco-Persian Alliance in 1807 (Asprey, 2000, p. 23). Personal skill – the exemplary hero Napoleon’s biggest and most undeniable influence has been in warfare – his methods are now referred to as ‘Napoleonic warfare’. The influential military theorist Carl von Clausewitz describes him as a genius in the operational art of war. Wellington, when asked who was the greatest general of the day, answered: â€Å"In this age, in past ages, in any age, Napoleon. † (Moore, 1999, p. 1). Napoleon was always head first into the battle scene. This not only motivated his soldiers and collegues, it also helped set high standards of dedication and passion on the field. In battles like Montenotte, Mondovi, Arcola and Rivoli, Napolean set great examples often getting wounded himself. He also kept soldiers going by promising those rewards and incentives. (Louis, 1998). ‘Napoleon suffered various military setbacks however: at Leipzig in 1813, in Russia in 1812, and arguably at Aspern-Essling in 1809. He also had to abandon his forces in Egypt’. Despite the blows he suffered and felt responsible for subjecting his country to, Napoleon was always quick to get back on his feet. His resilient spirit as a fighter lives as an example for all those who search for the determination to achieve high goals. (Asprey, 2000, p. 38). Napoleon’s Strong Foundation Initially, Napoleon had a good opportunity to study and it was because of his dignified and prosperous family background and the strong ties among them. It laid the foundation, and gave him a chance to learn French at a religious school in Autun and later got him to enroll into a military academy at Brienne-le-Chateau. An examiner his exceptional aptitude in mathematics, history and geography, all of which helped him excel in the battlefield. The potentials map of the world, a desire to change history and the mathematical grid with which to arrange troops for an invasion – the seeds were sown for a new vision of the French Empire (Louis, 1998). Napoleon and other Heroic Achievements Not only was he a keen military man, his humane and artistic side too was alive and kicking. Bonaparte published two newspapers, which were apparently for troops but most of France was reading them under that cover. He also started Le Journal de Bonaparte et des hommes vertueux, a newspaper to be published in Paris, increasing his influence on the political front in the country. 1798, Bonaparte was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences, his Egyptian group discovered the Rosetta Stone and their work was published in the Description de l’Egypte (Asprey, 2000). Bonaparte was the one to initiate centralized administration, higher education, tax codes, road and sewer systems and the country’s central bank (Louis, 1998). He bargained for the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which inviting the Catholic population towards himself as he regulated public worship. In 1802, he instituted what is today the highest tribute in France in both military and civilian achievements, the Legion d’Honneur. These won him public support and high regard, and served as a bible for time to come. Multi talented and as much a man of reason as he was of force, Napoleon’s also created the famous Napoleonic code—was an enormous stepping stone in the nature of the civil law and legal systems promoting lucid and accessible laws. In his own words â€Å"My true glory is not to have won 40 battles†¦ Waterloo will erase the memory of so many victories. †¦ But†¦ what will live forever is my Civil Code. † (Louis, 1998, p. 51). Correctly so, the Civil Code has immense significance, used in over a quarter of the world’s jurisdictions including Europe, the Americas and Africa. It encouraged civilians to own property without fear and helped fight the plague of feudalism. Among his other achievements, Napoleon emancipated Jews from laws which restricted them to ghettos, and helped them win their rights to proper worship places, and work placed. In exile, in the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army, developed the iron mines, and reformed and renovated the agricultural systems according to modern ways. He was not only known for ruling loud and mighty but had a much more humane and thoughtful side to him, his vision extended much beyond the war field (Louis, 1998). The Decline The Russians were defeated in a series of battles and Napoleon resumed his advance. But the harsh climatic conditions made the advance a fierce challenge. The Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French, dead, wounded or captured, and may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time. In Napoleon’s own words was: â€Å"The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Moscow. The French showed themselves to be worthy of victory, but the Russians showed themselves worthy of being invincible. † The French suffered greatly in the course of a ruinous retreat, begun as over 400,000 frontline troops, but in the end fewer than 40,000. (Asprey, 2000, p. 28). Napoleon won a series of battles in the Six Days Campaign, but could not sustain control in Paris which was captured by the Coalition in 1814. The Allies eventually forced Napoleon to abdicate. He escaped but was intercepted soon. When confronted by a regiment, Napoleon approached them and shouted, â€Å"Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish. † The soldiers, with hidden awe and admiration for him replied with, â€Å"Vive L’Empereur! † and marched with Napoleon to Paris; another example of the respect Napoleon received from those who knew his strengths and forgave his weaknesses. (Asprey, 2000, p. 64). Conclusion Many ideas demean the man’s reputation today. There is a term called the Napoleon Complex which indicates aggressive behavior of a person who lacks height. (Moore, 1999). He reinstated slavery in French colonies, encouraged looting and often sought to solve problems with brute force rather than by deliberation. His attack on Jaffa was brutal: innocent men, women and children lost their lives sometimes to save bullets, supplies and at other times because they were suffering from the bubonic plague and were a burden. In 1920 he re-established slavery in France’s colonial possessions. (Asprey, 2000). Critics feel that the brutalities committed during his reign are unforgivable and were entirely unavoidable. However there are those like Vincent Cronin who felt that Napoleon was not ‘responsible for the wars which bear his name, when in fact France was the victim of a series of coalitions which aimed to destroy the ideals of the Revolution’. His was the rule that ended lawlessness in France after the revolution (Louis, 1998). A hero lives as an example to people to believe in good and strive to achieve it. A hero dies to live on in their minds as a proof of what the human spirit is capable of if the heart is set on it. Today International Napoleonic Congresses are held in which scholars and politicians meet to discuss matters of world wide significance. An icon of ‘military genius and political power’, Napoleon is used to name products, places and characters, all of which speak of his outstanding skills and innumerable successes (Moore, 1999). American journalist Chuck Palahniuk says ‘We all die. The goal isn’t to live forever; the goal is to create something that will’. Napoleon has emerged a hero, through what he created – an undying inspiration for great leadership, superb administration, unending determination, ruthless loyalty and masterful skills leading to eternal triumph (Louis, 1998, p. 66). He is remembered today in all historical publications as a courageous and able soldier, a man whose tact, craft and vision extended much beyond others. His name has come to symbolize a soldier’s epitome, a leader’s aspiration. His flaws may be many and will remain attached to his exalted but very human condition. As Alexander Pope puts it, ‘To err is human, to forgive is Divine. ’ It is not everyday one finds a story so moving and as passionate as one of Napoleon Bonaparte. A man fuelled with a ferocious desire to be victorious only to see a victorious France. 1799. Napoleon was laid to rest in May 1821 after fighting with persistent ill health. His last words were ‘France, army, head of the army, Josephine’ which he spoke in French (Louis, 1998, p115). There was no doubt that in his dying moments as his life flashed before him, he expressed what was dearest to him, and in it was his first and deepest love – France. Those who judge him for being self absorbed would think again. He was initially buried in St. Helena but later shifted to Seine as he had requested in his will. He was given a state funeral, respects to a man who was a hero of his time, albeit with inevitable human flaws. (Asprey, 2000). References Books B. Asprey, Robert. (2000). The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. First Edition. New York: Basic Books. Fauvelet de Bourrienne Louis, Antoine. (1998). Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. Constables Miscellant – Original and Selected Publishing. Websites Richard Moore. (1999). Napolean Guide. May 26, 2010, from www. napoleonguide. com.

The Valuable Lesson I Learned - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 546 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Teenager Essay Did you like this example? Before there was Miss. Dee the school teacher, or the successful student striving for nothing but the best in life, there was missy; the girl that thought she was invincible. I was always the semi-popular one growing up, to many it may have seemed as though I had it all: both of my parent’s in the same house, I was an honor student, Vice President of the nationally recognized Highsteppers drill team. Not only was I focused; I was happy. â€Å"If you listen, you might actually learn something,† was a statement I heard too often from my mom as a seventeen year old teenager. Once senior year arrived, I can honestly say that I was truly a different person; someone that I didn’t recognize. I began hanging around with a â€Å"new crowd†, skipping school, running away from home, drinking and smoking, something that I’d never tried before; But, while I was trying so hard to fit in, I never realized how many people I would hurt in the process, inc luding myself, and the serious consequences I was going to have to face along the way. Living as a teenage runaway proved to be more difficult than I had imagined. My life consisted of partying Monday through Friday, and very little sleep. I lost twenty pounds during my downward spiral and, every meal I’d eaten was treated like it would be my last. I missed my normal lifestyle; I missed my family and friends, especially my mom. Throughout all of the stress I’d placed my mom; she was always there for me. Regardless of all the negative feelings my father may have felt towards me, my mom always made sure that I was able to reach out to her; if I wanted to come home she always welcomed me with open arms. The day that I realized I needed to change and get my life back on track is one that I’ll never forget; I had run away from home to go to a college party with some of my friends in another city, and while there I began to have an uneasy feeling about one of th e guys that had driven us out of town, so I decided that I was just going to wait in the car for everyone until the party was over.. Or better yet, call my mom to come get me, because I was done with this life. However that night, I became a victim; I was Raped. Today, I am proud to say that not only am I a successful school teacher and tudent, but I have a great relationship with my family again. It has been three years since that chapter of my life and thankfully, I have done a complete turn around. I hope to someday help young ladies that are in the situation I was once faced with and, give them the encouragement needed to be the best that they can be, instead of trying to be something that they’re not. The most valuable lesson that I’ve learned thus far, is the one that I learned from my mother. She always told me, â€Å"Never allow yourself to become a follower;† And from that day on, I’ve been a leader. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Valuable Lesson I Learned" essay for you Create order

Teen Pregnancy A Social Issue - 1371 Words

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